Tuesday, November 26, 2013

Battery Applications and Parameters

The following are notes on Batteries for their common applications and parameters
  • Battery Applications
    • Portable Applications
      • Portable electronics, laptops, iphones, toys, medical devices
      • battery used to start engine in cars is the largest market
        • lead acid and lithium ion
      • High energy batteries, highest energy for given size
    • Stationary Applications
      • Pairing with with intermittent sources of electricity
      • high energy is less important
  • Common Forms Factors of Batteries
    • Button Cells in Watches
    • Cylinder Cells
    • Lithium Ion
    • Prismatic Cells
  • Sizes of Batteries
    • 4.5-volt (3R12) battery 
    • D Cell
    • C cell
    • AA cell
    • AAA cell
    • AAAA cell
    • A23 battery
    • 9-volt PP3 
    • button cells
  • Types of Batteries
    • Chargeable or non-chargeable
    • Battery Chemistry
      • Alkaline 
      • Lead acid 
      • NiCd nickel cadmium
      • NiMH nickel metal hydride
      • Lithium ion
  • Important Parameters of Batteries
    • Energy (Watt Hour)
      • Energy Density - Energy Per Unit Volume
      • Specific Energy - Energy Per unit Weight
      • Characterize the total amount of energy it carries, lifetime of battery once you charge it up, distance of electric car
    • Power (Watt)
      • How fast you can take the energy out of a battery
      • Power Density Power per unit volume
        • Example more important for Laptop, fitting into size constraint for a high usage device
      • Specific Power Power per unit weight
        • Car, heaviness of battery impacts performance
      • Life
        • Cycle Life, times we can charge and discharge a battery with its capacity still above 80% of the original
        • Calendar Life Time a battery can last if left on shelf
          • Electrical car ensure it can last for about 10 years?
      • Safety
        • Battery intrinsically is in unstable state
      • Temperature Performance
      • Cost
        • Currently its difficult to justify batteries for cars and grid use

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